Tổng hợp ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 12

Nội dung tài liệu: Tổng hợp ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh 12

1. BÀI MỞ ĐẦU ĐỘNG TỪ VERB Động từ được dùng để làm hành động cho chủ từ. Để phân biệt các loại động tưtưtừtư (kinds of verbs), chúng ta hãy quan sát sơ đồ dưới đây: Auxiliary verb : (do, have, be) Special verb : Modal verb : (must, can, may, might, could, should ) Verb : Regular verb : (open, close, clean, remember ) Ordinary verb : Irregular verb : (run, write, speak, drive ) Động từ tiếng Anh có hai loại: động từ đặc biệt (special verb) và động từ thường (ordinary verb). (1) Động từ đặc biệt gồm có: * Động từ trợ (auxiliary verb) : bebebe (dùng để chia các thì tiếp diễn, thể thụ động), have (dùng để chia các thì hoàn thành), dododo (dùng để chia các thể phủ định và nghi vấn). - He is working hard this month. (thì hiện tại tiếp diễn) - The house was built five years ago. (thể thụ động) - He has learned English for two years. (thì hiện tại hoàn thành) - Do you like tea ? (thể nghi vấn) - She does not like coffee. (thể phủ định) * Động từ khiếm khuyết (modal verb) : cần phải có động theo sau. - We must study hard. - He can play the piano. Đặc điểm chung của các động từ đặc biệt là khi đổi sang thể phủ định ta chỉ cần thêm NOT vào sau các động từ đó và khi đổi sang thể nghi vấn ta đưa các động từ đó ra đầu câu. - He is not working hard this month. - Is he working hard this month ? - He has not found his book. - Have you seen her yet ? - She cannot swim. - Should we go there ? (2) Động từ thường gồm có : 1
2. * Động từ có qui tắc (regular verb) : là động từ khi thành lập thì quá khứ đơn (simple past) hay quá khứ phân từ (past paticiple) ta chỉ cần thêm –––ED–EDEDED vào sau động từ đó. - I opened the door this morning. (simple past ) - I have opened the door. (past participle) * Động từ bất qui tắc (irregular verb) : là động từ có hình thức quá khứ (xem cột 2 của bảng động từ bất qui tắc) và quá khứ phân từ (xem cột 3) riêng. to go went gone to write wrote written to run ran run to hit hit hit - He went to the cinema last night. (simple past ) - He has gone out. (past participle) Động từ thường có chung đặc điểm là khi đổi sang thể phủ định và nghi vấn ta phải dùng động từ trợ “to do”. Ta thêm NOT vào sau các động từ trợ ở thể phủ định và đưa động từ trợ ra đầu câu nếu ở thể nghi vấn. - He did not go to the pub last night. - Did he go to the cinema last night ? - I do not like tea. - Do you enjoy classical music ? - She does not know the answer. - Does he understand the lesson ? * Động từ “to do” vừa là động từ thường vừa là động từ trợ. - He does his homework. (động từ thường) - He does not understand the lesson. (động từ trợ) 2
3. Bài 1 ::: CÁCH DÙNG CÁC THÌ (THE USE OF TENSES) Thì biểu thị thời gian và trạng thái của hành động được diễn đạt bằng động từ. Có 12 thì ở dạng chủ động của động từ tiếng Anh. Để hiểu được hình thái của các thì, ta có thể nghiên cứu cách chia động từ TO WORK trong bảng dưới đây : Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect continuous - III (You / We / - I am working - III (You / We / - III (You / We / Present They) work - He (She / It) isisis They) have worked They) have been - He ((She / It) working - HeHeHe (She / It) hashashas working works You ((We / They) worked - HeHeHe ( She / It) has are workinworkingggg been working Past I (You / He / - III (He / She / It) - III (You / He / She / I (You / He / She / She / It / We / was working It / We / They) hadhadhad It / We / They) had They) worked - You (We / They) worked been working were working Future - III (We) shall - III (We) shall be - I (We) ssshallshall have - III (We) shall have work working worked been working - You (He / - You (He / She / It - You (He / She / it / - You (He / She / It / She / it / They) / They) will be They) will have They) will have will work working worked been working * 1* 1.1 SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PRESENT VÀ THÌ PRESENT CONTINUOUS Tiếng Anh có hai thì hiện tại mà đa số các em học sinh hay lẫn lộn cách sử dụng. Đó là thì hiện tại đơn (SimpleSimple PresentPresent) và thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (PrePresentsent ContinuousContinuous). * Thì Simple Present được dùng để chỉ một hành động diễn ra trong thời gian nói chung, không nhất thiết phải là thời gian ở hiện tại. Thời gian nói chung là thời gian mà sự việc diễn ra mỗi ngày ( every day ), mỗi tuần ( every week ), mỗi tháng ( every month ), mỗi năm ( every year ), mỗi mùa ( every spring / summer / autuautumnmnmnmn / winter) 3
4. - He goes to school every day. - Mrs Brown travels every summer. * Thì Present Continuous được dùng để chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra (aaaa current activityactivity) hay một sự việc chúng ta đang làm bây giờ ( now/ at present/ at this mommomentententent ), hôm nay ( today ), tuần này ( this week ), năm nay ( this year ) - We are learning English now. - Mary is playing the piano at the moment. Hãy so sánh : - I work in a bakery every day. - I’m working in a bakery this week. * CHÚ Ý : (1) + Thì Simple Present thường được dùng với các động từ chỉ tri giác (verbs of perception) như : feel, see, hearhear và các động từ chỉ trạng tháithái như : know, understand, mean, like, prefer, love, hate, need, want, remember, recognize, believe + Ngoài ra chúng ta còn dùng thì Simple Present với động từ : be, appear, belong, have to + Thì Simple Present còn được dùng với các trạng từtừ chỉ tần suất lập đi lập lại (adverbs of frequency) như : always, usually, often,often, sometimes, seldom, ggenerallenerally,y, rarely, never - That child needs care. - This book belongs to me. - He never comes late. + Chúng ta cũng dùng thì Simple Present để chỉ một chân lý hay một sự thật hiển nhiên (a general truth). - The sun rises in the east. - Nothing isisis more precious than independence and freedom. (2) Thì Present Continuous còn được dùng để chỉ hành độngđộng ở một tương lai gần (a near future action) và thường đi với các trạng từ chỉ tương lai như : tomorrow, next week, next month, next year, next summer Exercise I : Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple or the present continuous tense. 1/ I (have) ___ coffee for breakfast every day. 2/ My brother (work) ___ in a shoe store this summer. 3/ The student (look) ___ up that new word now. 4/ She (go) ___ to school every day. 5/ We (do) ___ this exercise at the moment. 4
5. 6/ Miss Helen (read) ___ a newspaper now. 7/ It (rain) ___ very much in the summer. It (rain) ___ now. 8/ Bad students never (work) ___ hard. 9/ He generally (sing) ___ in English, but today he (sing) ___ in Spanish. 10/ We seldom (eat) ___ before 6.30. 11/ She sometimes (buy) ___ vegetables at his market. 12/ Be quiet. The baby (sleep) ___. 13/ We always (do) ___ our exercises carefully. 14/ Look. A man (run) ___ after the train. He (want) ___ to catch it. 15/ It (be) ___ very cold now. 16/ John (travel) ___ to England tomorrow. 17/ I (need) ___ some money for my textbooks. 18/ Tom (like) ___ to go to the museums. 19/ Mary (love) ___ ice-cream. 20/ My mother (cook) ___ some food in the kitchen at present. She always (cook) ___ in the mornings. 21/ I often (leave) ___ the city at weekends. 22/ The guests (watch) ___ the TV programmes now. 23/ I (see) ___ you (wear) ___ your best clothes. 24/ The sun (set)___ in the west. 25/ My friend (study) ___ English for an hour every night. 26/ Listen. I (hear)___ someone knocking at the front door. 27/ I (do) ___ an exercise on the present tense at the moment and I (think) ___ that I (know) ___ how to use it now. 28/ Honesty (be) ___ the best policy. 29/ The earth (goes) ___ round the sun. 30/ Two and two (make) ___ four. * 2* 2 SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ SIMPLE PAST 5
6. * Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ không rõ thời điểm còn liên lạc với hiện tại. * Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một quá khứ có thời điểm rõ rệt cắt đứt với hiện tại. + CHÚ Ý :Ý : (1) Thì Present Perfect thường đi với những từ như : up to nownow, up to the presentpresent, so far (cho tới nay), not yet (vẫn chưa), for, since, ever (đã từng), never, several times (nhiều lần), just (vừa), recently (vừa mới), lately (mới đây) - Have you ever seen a tiger ? - The train has not arrived yet. - We have lived here for 6 years. - The bell has just rung. (2) * Thì Simple Past thường đi với những tiếng chỉ thời gian quá khứ xác định như : yesterdayyesterday, the day before yestyesterdayerdayerday, last weekweek, last month, last yearyear, last summersummer, agoagoago.ago - We came here a month ago. - He went to the cinema yesterday. * Thì Simple Past còn được dùng để chỉ một chuỗi các hành động kế tiếp xảy ra trong quá khứ. - He closed all the windows, locked the doors and then went out. Exercise II : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the simple past tense. 1/ We (never watch) ___ that TV programme. 2/ We (wacth) ___ a good programme on TV last night. 3/ He (read) ___ that novel many times before. 4/ He (read) ___ that novel again during my last vacation. 5/ I (have) ___ a little trouble with my car last week. 6/ However, I (have) ___ no trouble with my car since then. 7/ I (not see) ___ John for a long time. I (see) ___ him 3 weeks ago. 8/ The school bell (ring) ___. We must go now. 9/ I (meet) ___ Mary last night. She (become) ___ a very big girl. 10/ He is very thirsty. He (not drink) ___ since this morning. 11/ It is very hot. Summer (come) ___. 12/ They (study) ___ at this school for 7 years now. 6
7. 13/ They (begin) ___ to study at this school 7 years ago. 14/ Since when (you know) ___ her ? 15/ How long ago (he start) ___ to learn French ? 16/ She (lose) ___ her handbag on the train yesterday morning. 17/ My mother (be) ___ in hospital for a long time and she cannot go home yet. 18/ His dog (just run) ___ out of the garden. 19/ Mr Brown (travel) ___ by air several times in the past. 20/ He (travel) ___ to Mexico by air last summer. * 3. SO SÁNH THÌ PRESENT PERFECT VÀ THÌ PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Present perfect (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ kết quả của một tình trạng ở hiện tại ( the result of the present state ), một việc xảy ra trong quá khứ không rõ thời điểm, lập đi lập lại nhiều lần và kéo dài đến hiện tại. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous (Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ sự tiếp diễn của một hành động ( the continuity of an action ) cho tới hiện tại. - I have been waiting forforfor two hours, but she has not come yet. - He has been living here since 1975. - We have been working in the garden allallall morning. + Thì Present Perfect Continuous còn được dùng với các động từ như : lie, wait, sit, stand, study, learn, live, rest, stay - They have been learning English since 1995. - The chair has been lying in the store window for ages. Exercise III : Put the verbs in brackets in the present perfect or the present perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (try) ___ to learn French for years, but I (not succeed) ___ yet. 2/ She (read) ___ all the works of Dickens.How many (you read) ___ ? 3/ I (wait) ___ here nearly half an hour for my girlfriend; do you think she (forget) ___ to come ? 4/ Mary (rest) ___ in the garden all day because she (be) ___ ill. 7
8. 5/ Although John (study) ___ at the University for 5 years, he (not get) ___ his degree yet. 6/ Jack (go) ___ to Switzerland for a holiday. He (never, be) ___ there. 7/ We (live) ___ here for the last six months, and (just, decide) ___ to move. 8/ That book ( lie) ___ on the table for weeks. You (not read) ___ it yet ? 9/ He (not be) ___ here since Christmas; I wonder where he (live) ___ since then. 10/ He (lose) ___ his books. He (look) ___ for them all afternoon, but they (not turn up) ___ yet. 11/ She (work) ___ so hard this week that she (not have) ___ time to go to the cinema. 12/ Your hair is wet. (You swim) ___ for a long time ? 13/ Bill is still a bad driver although he (drive)___ cars for six years. 14/ You look very tired. (You work) ___very hard ? 15/ The phone (ring) ___ for 2 minutes, but I (not answer) ___ it yet. Exercise IV : Put the verbs in brackets in the present tenses. 1/ I (be) ___ sorry. I (forget) ___ that fellow’s name already. 2/ Jack (look) ___ forward to his vacation next June. 3/ I (have) ___ no trouble with my english lessons up to now. 4/ Mr and Mrs Brown (be) ___ in New York for 2 months. 5/ Michael (work) ___ 38 hours a week. 6/ At present, that author (write) ___ a novel. 7/ George (do) ___ good work in this class so far. 8/ The weather( generally, get) ___ hot in July . 9/ You must wake her up. She (sleep) ___soundly for 10 hours. 10/ Listen! I (think) ___ someone (knock) ___ at the front door. 11/ How long (you learn) ___ English? 12/ That student (know) ___ all the new words very well now. 13/ Alice (lose) ___ her Vienamese-English dictionary. 8
9. 14/ Fred (just, graduate) ___ from Oxford University. 15/ The earth (circle) ___ the sun once every 365 days. 16/ That grandfather clock (stand) ___ there for as long as I can remember. 17/ That brown briefcase (belong) ___ to Dr.Rice. 18/ Jim (work) ___ on his report this year. 19/ Robert (wait) ___ for you since noon. 20/ That museum (stand) ___ here for ceturies. 21/ The sun (get) ___ very hot during the afternoon. 22/ Tom (buy) ___ a new car next week. 23/ The boys and girls (go) ___ home after this lesson. 24/ Davis (play) ___ football every afternoon. 25/ Up to the present, we (write) ___ almost every lesson in this book. * 4. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PAST CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Past (Quá Khứ Đơn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động ngắn (thình lình) xảy ra trong quá khứ. - I met him in the street yesterday. + Thì Past Continuous (Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn) được dùng để chỉ một hành động kéo dài trong quá khứ tương ứng với một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ. - I met him while he was crossing the street. - She was going home when she saw an accident. + Thì Past Continuous còn diễn tả một hành động kéo dài tại điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ hoặc hai hành động liên tiếp song song với nhau. - My father was watching TV at 8 o’clock last night. - I was doing my homework while my father was watching TV. Exercise V : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past continuous tense. 1/ He (sit) ___ in a bar when I (see) ___ him. 2/ When I (go) ___ out, the sun (shine) ___. 3/ The light (go) ___ out while I (have) ___ tea. 4/ When it (rain) ___ , she(carry) ___ an umbrella. 5/ We (walk) ___ to the station when it (begin) ___ to rain. 9
10. 6/ He (teach) ___ English for 2 months when he (live) in Germany and (work) ___ as a journalist. 7/ The house (burn) ___ fast, so we (break) ___ the window to get out. 8/ He (eat) ___ three sandwiches while you (talk) ___ to him. 9/ The servant (drop) ___ two cups while she (wash up) ___ last night; neither of them (break) ___. 10/ While I (write) ___ a letter, the telephone (ring) ___; as he (go) ___ to answer it, he (hear) ___ a knock on the door; the telephone (still, ring) ___ while he (walk) ___ to the door, but just as he (open) ___ it, it (stop) ___. * 5. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE PAST VÀ THÌ PPPASTPAST PERFECT + Thì Past Perfect ((Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành) dùng để chỉ một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác cũng trong quá khứ (past action). - When he had finished his work, he went home. - By the time I arrived at the station, the train hadhad gonegone. + Thì Past Perfect còn diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một điểm thời gian xác định ở quá khứ. - By 10 o’clock last night, I had gone to bed. Exercise VI : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect ttenseenseense. 1/ They (go) ___ home after they (finish) ___ their work. 2/ He (do) ___ nothing before he (see) ___ me. 3/ He (thank) ___ me for what I (do) ___ for him. 4/ I (be) ___ sorry that I (hurt) ___ him. 5/ After they (go) ___ , I (sit) ___ down and (rest) ___. 6/ When I (arrive), the dinner (already, begin) ___. 7/ My friend (not see) ___ me for many years when I (meet) ___ last week. 8/ He (learn) ___ English before he (leave) ___ for England. 9/ In England, he soon (remember) ___ all he (learn) ___. 10/ They (tell) ___ him they (not meet) ___ him before. 10
11. 11/ He (ask) ___ why we (come) ___ so early. 12/ She (say) ___ that she (already, see) ___ Dr. Rice. 13/ By the time Bill (get) ___ there, the meeting (start) ___. 14/ When we (arrive) ___ at our place, we (find) ___ that a burglar (break) ___ in. 15/ Almost everybody (leave) ___ for home by the time we (arrive) ___. * 6. SO SÁNH THÌ PAST PERFECT VÀ THÌ PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Past Perfect Continuous (Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn) dùng để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động trước khi một hành động quá khứ khác xảy ra. Hãy so sánh : - She had been studying English before she came here for classes. (Hành động had been studying xảy ra liên tục cho tới khi hành động came for classes xảy ra). - She had studied English before she came for classes. (Hành động had studied chấm dứt trước hành động came for classes) Và hãy so sánh : - It had been raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa đã dứt khi tôi thức dậy.) - It was raining when I got up this morning. (Mưa vẫn còn khi tôi thức dậy.) Exercise VII : Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple or the past perfect continuous tense. 1/ I (ask) ___ him what he (do) ___. 2/ Tom (be) ___ tired. He (run) ___ for an hour. 3/ Although he (go) ___ to the doctor for 6 months, he (not, feel) ___ any better. 4/ The telephone (ring) ___ for 5 minutes before it (be) ___ answered. 5/ They (tell) ___ me you (live) ___ in London before the war. 6/ The poor man (wait) ___ for 6 hours before he (be) ___ brought into the room. 11
12. 7/ By noon that day, we (drive) ___ for 5 hours. 8/ The robber who (watch) ___ him running to the tree (sit) ___ down under its branches and (begin) ___ to attack him. 9/ I (ask) ___ her what she (do) ___ since she (arrive) ___ in England. 10/ She (tell) ___ me that she (study) ___ English literature. * 7. SO SÁNH THÌ SIMPLE FUTURE VÀ THÌ FUTURE CONTINUOUS + Thì Simple Future (Tương Lai Đơn) diễn tả một hành động sẽ xảy ra (có hoặc không có thời gian xác định ở tương lai); còn thì Future Continuous (Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn) diễn tả một hành động liên tiến tại điểm thời gian xác định ở tương lai. - He will go to the stadium next Sunday. - We will / shall have the final test. Hãy so sánh : - I will eat breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ bắt đầu dùng bữa điểm tâm.) - I will be eating breakfast at 6 o’clock tomorrow. (Vào lúc 6 giờ sáng mai, tôi sẽ đang dùng bữa điểm tâm.) + Trong các mệnh đề trạng từ chỉ thời gian (adverb clause of time) hay mệnh đề điều kiện (adverb clause of condition), thì SimpleSimple Present được dùng để thay thế cho thì Simple Future. - I shall not go until I seeseesee him. - If he comes tomorrow, he will do it. + Chú ý : WILL còn được dùng cho tất cả các ngôi. Exercise VIII : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present or the simple future tense. 1/ We (go) ___ out when the rain (stop) ___. 2/ I (stay) ___ here until he (answer) ___ me. 3/ Wait until I (catch) ___ you. 4/ I (be) ___ ready before you (count) ___ ten. 5/ John must eat his breakfast before he (go) ___ out. 6/ Miss Helen (help) ___ you as soon as she (finish) ___ that letter. 7/ He (tell) ___ you when you (get) ___ there. 8/ She (not come) ___ until you (be) ___ ready. 9/ He (tell) ___ you when you (ask) ___ him. 12
13. 10/ I (come) ___ and (see) ___ you before I (leave) ___ for England. * 8. SO SÁNH THÌ FUTURE PPERFECTERFECT VÀ THÌ FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS + Thì Future Perfect (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành) được dùng để chỉ một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một hành động khác trong tương lai hay một điểm thời gian ở tương lai. - The taxi will have arriarrivedved by the time you finish dressing. - By next Christmas, he will have lived in Dalat for 5 years. + Để nhấn mạnh tính liên tục của hành động, chúng ta dùng thì Future Perfect Continuous (Tương Lai Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn). - By the time you receive this letter, we shall have been travelling through Russia. - By next June, they will have been working in this factory for 12 years. Exercise IX : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, present perfect or future perfect tensetense 1/ I’ll wait until he (write) ___ his next novel. 2/ When you (come) ___ back, he (already buy) ___ a new house. 3/ Don’t come until I (finish) ___ lunch. 4/ I (hope) ___ it (stop) ___ raining by 5 o’clock this afternoon. 5/ The river (not begin)___ to rise until some rain (fall)___. 6/ I (stay) ___ here until you (finish) ___ your work. 7/ By next month, I (leave) ___ for India. 8/ He (finish) ___ his work before you (leave) ___. 9/ Before you (go) ___, they (leave) ___ the country. 10/ The meeting (finish) ___ by the time we (get) ___ there. Exercise X : Put the verbs in brackets in the simple present, simple future, future cccontinuouscontinuous or future perfect tense. 1/ We (send) ___ you a telegram as soon as we (arrive) ___ in London. 2/ When George (come) ___ this afternoon, he (bring) ___ his friends. 13
14. 3/ I (speak) ___ to you about that matter after the meeting tonight. 4/ By the time you (receive) ___ this letter, we (cross) ___ the Atlantic Ocean. 5/ By this time next week, you (meet) ___ my boyfriend, Ali. 6/ I (wait) ___ for you right here when you (come) ___ out of the building. 7/ She (wait) ___ for you at 5 o’clock this afternoon. 8/ I (give) ___ it back as soon as he (want) ___ it. 9/ I (not move) ___ from here until you (get) ___ back. 10/ They (not come) ___ home until they (see) ___ everything. Exercise XI : Supply the correct tense. 1/ They (just decide) ___ that they (undertake) ___ the job. 2/ We (go) ___ to the theatre last night. 3/ He usually (write) ___ in green ink. 4/ She (play) ___ the piano when our guests (arrive) ___ last night. 5/ We (do) ___ an English exercise at the moment. 6/ She (just come) ___ in and (see) ___ you in 5 minutes. 7/ I (come) ___ as soon as my work is finished. (You be) ___ ready ? 8/ Where (you go) ___ for your holiday last year ? 9/ I (not leave) ___ Paris since we (go) ___ to Dieppe three years ago. 10/ My mother (come) ___ to stay with us next weekend. 11/ We (meet) ___ only yesterday and (already decide) ___ to get married. 12/ I (never see) ___ snow. 13/ Violets (bloom) ___ in spring. 14/ We (not live) ___ in England for the last two months. 15/ I (lose) ___ my keys; I cannot remember where I last (see) ___ them. 16/ He (not arrive) ___ when I (write) ___ my last letter to you. 14
15. 17/ Whenever you (go) ___ to town nowadays, you (spend) ___ a lot of money. 18/ I (never forget) ___ what you (just tell) ___ me. 19/ They (prepare) ___ the Christmas dinner today. 20/ When I last (stay) ___ in Cairo, I (ride) ___ to the Pyramids on a camel that my friend (borrow) ___ the day before. 21/ I (finish) ___ the book before my next birthday. 22/ “Hello! (You make) ___ a cake ? 23/ He (walk) ___ very quickly when I (meet) ___ him yesterday. 24/ We (meet) ___ you tomorrow after you (finish) ___ your work. 25/ Yesterday I (buy) ___ a new watch as my old one (be) ___ stolen. Exercise XII : Supply the correct tense. 1/ He said he (be) ___ sorry he (give) ___ me so much trouble. 2/ I am sorry that I (not know) ___ you (leave) ___ your pipe when you (come) ___ to see me last Thursday. 3/ He (be) ___ so good to me when I was a boy that to this day I (not forget) ___ his kindness, and I hope that I (never forget) ___. 4/ He (sleep) ___ and (not understand) ___ what you (say) ___ to him. He (wake) ___ if you (speak) ___ louder. 5/ Some animals (not eat) ___ during the winter and only (come) ___ out in spring. 6/ After leaving school he (study) ___ French in Paris for two years and then (move) ___ to America, where he now (live) ___. He (visit) ___ England once or twice and (know) ___ English well; but (not have) ___ yet the opportunity of visiting European countries. 7/ I (know) ___ him for a very long time. 8/ When my friend Tom grows a beard, even his closest friends (not recognize) ___ him. 9/ When I (meet) ___ him in the street, he (go) ___ to the pictures. 10/ I (study) ___ English for six years now. 15
16. 11/ I expect he (leave) ___ for France as soon as he (get) ___ a visa. 12/ He (visit) ___ his friend yesterday and (find) ___ that he (be) ___ out. 13/ They (sell) ___ all the dresses before we (get) ___ there. 14/ After she (work) ___ at the hospital for two years, she (decide) ___ to give up the job. 15/ He will come at once because I (tell) ___ him by phone that you (need) ___ him urgently. I’m sure he (find) ___ his way easily although he (never visit) ___ this house before. 16/ By the time you get back, I (finish) ___ all my correspondence and then I (can help) ___ you with yours. 17/ In a few minutes’ time, when the clock (strike) ___ six, I (wait) ___ here for an hour. 18/ He (know) ___ her a long time before he finally (get) ___ married to her. 19/ I hope it (not rain) ___ when the bride (leave) ___ the church. 20/ I (tell) a lie if I said that I (like) ___ you. 21/ They (intend) ___ to go there next week; but now they (find) ___ they (not have) ___ enough money. 22/ When he grew old he often (think) ___ of all the things he (do) ___ when he (be) ___ young. 23/ When we (go) ___ to see them last night, they (play) ___ cards; they (say) ___ they (play) ___ since six o’clock. 24/ This is the second time you (break) ___ a cup; you (break) ___ one yesterday. My last servant (never break)___ anything, and you (break) ___ nearly half the things in the house. 25/ I always (tell) ___ you to comb your hair, but you never (do) ___ what I (say) ___ . EXERCISE XIII : Use the correct tense of the verbs in brackets. 1/ Mrs Reed (turn) ___ on the radio in her car while she (drive) ___ home yesterday. She (listen) ___ to some music when she suddenly (hear) ___ a siren. She (look) ___ in her mirror and (see) ___ an ambulance behind her. She immediately (pull) ___ her car to the side of the road and (wait) ___ for the ambulance (pass) ___. 16
17. 2/ My mother (call) ___ me around 5 o’clock. My husband (come) ___ home a little after that. When he (come) ___ home, I (talk) ___ to my mother on the phone. 3/ Next month I (have) ___ a week’s vacation. I (plan) ___ to take a trip. First I (go) ___ to Madison, Wisconsin to visit my brother. After I (leave) ___ Madion, I (go) ___ Chicago to see a friend who (study) ___ at a university there. She (live) ___ in Chicago for three years, so she (know) ___ her way around the city. She (promise) ___ to take me to many interesting places. I (never, be) ___ in Chicago, so I (look) ___ forward to going there. 4/ Yesterday John (eat) ___ breakfast at 8:00. He (already, eat) ___ breakfast when he (leave) ___ for class at 8:45. He (always, eat) ___ breakfast before he (go) ___ to class. I (usually, not eat) ___ breakfast before I (go) ___ to class. But I (usually, get) ___ hungry about midmorning. Tomorrow before I (go) ___ to class, I (eat) ___ breakfast. 5/ Last year, I (go) ___ mountain climbing for the first time. It was exciting and terrifying at the same time. We (move) ___slowly and carefully, and it (take) ___ three days to get to the top. When we climbed onto the summit, we (find) ___ another group of climbers. They (arrive) ___ several hours ahead of us. They (have) ___ dinner and listening to Beethoven. We (laugh) ___ and they (invite) ___ us to join them. The climb (be) ___, to say the least, an unforgettable experience. 6/ The weather (be) ___ terrible lately. It (rain) ___ off and on for two days, and the temperature (drop) ___ at least twenty degrees. It (be) ___ in the low 40s right now. Just three days ago, the sun (shine) ___ and the weather was pleasant. The weather certainly (change) ___ quickly here. I never know what to expect. Who knows ? When I (wake) ___ up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow) ___. 7/ A taxi driver (drive) ___ along a street when he suddenly (black out) ___ and lost control of his vehicle. The taxi (plunge) ___ into a nearby river. A hawker, who (see) ___ the accident, rushed from his coffee stall and (dive) ___ into the water. He (have) ___ to swim twenty five metres before he could get to the taxi. The taxi driver (try) ___ to wind down the window. The hawker reached into the taxi for the safety-belt. After he (release) ___ the safety-belt, he pulled the driver out through the partially open window. At the hospital, the driver (say) ___ that the black out might (cause) ___ by his high blood pressure condition. 17
18. 8/ Marie Curie, the Polish-born chemist, was a courageous and determined woman. She (leave) ___ her home for Paris to pursue her interest in science. Living in poverty, she still (manage) ___ to graduate at the top of her class. She (meet) ___ Pierre Curie shortly after graduation and (marry) ___ him a year later. Together, Pierre and Marie (form) ___ the most famous husband-and- wife partnership in science history. They (discover) ___ the radioactive elements, Polonium and Radium. They (award) ___ the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. 18